2,734 research outputs found
Mix&Match: Towards Omitting Modelling Through In-Situ Alteration and Remixing of Model Repository Artifacts in Mixed Reality
The accessibility of tools to model artifacts is one of the core driving
factors for the adoption of Personal Fabrication. Subsequently, model
repositories like Thingiverse became important tools in (novice) makers'
processes. They allow them to shorten or even omit the design process,
offloading a majority of the effort to other parties. However, steps like
measurement of surrounding constraints (e.g., clearance) which exist only
inside the users' environment, can not be similarly outsourced. We propose
Mix&Match a mixed-reality-based system which allows users to browse model
repositories, preview the models in-situ, and adapt them to their environment
in a simple and immediate fashion. Mix&Match aims to provide users with CSG
operations which can be based on both virtual and real geometry. We present
interaction patterns and scenarios for Mix&Match, arguing for the combination
of mixed reality and model repositories. This enables almost modelling-free
personal fabrication for both novices and expert makers.Comment: 12 pages, 15 figures, 1 table, To appear in the Proceedings of the
ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2020 (CHI'20
Orecchio: Extending Body-Language through Actuated Static and Dynamic Auricular Postures
In this paper, we propose using the auricle – the visible part of the ear – as a means of expressive output to extend body language to convey emotional states. With an initial exploratory study, we provide an initial set of dynamic and static auricular postures. Using these results, we examined the relationship between emotions and auricular postures, noting that dynamic postures involving stretching the top helix in fast (e.g., 2Hz) and slow speeds (1Hz) conveyed intense and mild pleasantness while static postures involving bending the side or top helix towards the center of the ear were associated with intense and mild unpleasantness. Based on the results, we developed a prototype (called Orrechio) with miniature motors, custommade robotic arms and other electronic components. A preliminary user evaluation showed that participants feel more comfortable using expressive auricular postures with people they are familiar with, and that it is a welcome addition to the vocabulary of human body language
Augmenting Pathologists with NaviPath: Design and Evaluation of a Human-AI Collaborative Navigation System
Artificial Intelligence (AI) brings advancements to support pathologists in
navigating high-resolution tumor images to search for pathology patterns of
interest. However, existing AI-assisted tools have not realized this promised
potential due to a lack of insight into pathology and HCI considerations for
pathologists' navigation workflows in practice. We first conducted a formative
study with six medical professionals in pathology to capture their navigation
strategies. By incorporating our observations along with the pathologists'
domain knowledge, we designed NaviPath -- a human-AI collaborative navigation
system. An evaluation study with 15 medical professionals in pathology
indicated that: (i) compared to the manual navigation, participants saw more
than twice the number of pathological patterns in unit time with NaviPath, and
(ii) participants achieved higher precision and recall against the AI and the
manual navigation on average. Further qualitative analysis revealed that
navigation was more consistent with NaviPath, which can improve the overall
examination quality.Comment: Accepted ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
(CHI '23
xPath: Human-AI Diagnosis in Pathology with Multi-Criteria Analyses and Explanation by Hierarchically Traceable Evidence
Data-driven AI promises support for pathologists to discover sparse tumor
patterns in high-resolution histological images. However, from a pathologist's
point of view, existing AI suffers from three limitations: (i) a lack of
comprehensiveness where most AI algorithms only rely on a single criterion;
(ii) a lack of explainability where AI models tend to work as 'black boxes'
with little transparency; and (iii) a lack of integrability where it is unclear
how AI can become part of pathologists' existing workflow. Based on a formative
study with pathologists, we propose two designs for a human-AI collaborative
tool: (i) presenting joint analyses of multiple criteria at the top level while
(ii) revealing hierarchically traceable evidence on-demand to explain each
criterion. We instantiate such designs in xPath -- a brain tumor grading tool
where a pathologist can follow a top-down workflow to oversee AI's findings. We
conducted a technical evaluation and work sessions with twelve medical
professionals in pathology across three medical centers. We report quantitative
and qualitative feedback, discuss recurring themes on how our participants
interacted with xPath, and provide initial insights for future physician-AI
collaborative tools.Comment: 31 pages, 11 figure
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